Charts Qatar’s key role in shaping and determining diplomatic initiatives in Afghanistan, Gaza and elsewhere.This timely monograph chronicles how Qatar transformed itself into a broker of peace in some of the world’s most intractable conflicts. In the early 2000s, Qatar made its mark by mediating an array of disputes in the Middle East. By the 2020s, it was again on the global radar for its role in high-profile ceasefires and landmark peace agreements, notably the U.S.–Taliban deal and negotiations during the 2023–5 Gaza war.Milton and Elkahlout offer a wide-ranging conceptual and on-the-ground analysis of Qatar’s emergence, retreat and reemergence in the international arena, tracing its evolving mediation strategies in conflicts across Lebanon, Darfur, Afghanistan and the Gaza Strip. Drawing on a unique qualitative dataset assembled through a major documentation project, the study illuminates how Qatar leveraged its diplomatic, political and economic resources to position itself as an influential third-party mediator. In doing so, it reveals both the motivations behind Qatar’s peacemaking initiatives and the broader implications of its rising profile for the changing global landscape of conflict mediation.